The thyroid gland is responsible for making hormones that help your body use energy, regulate temperature, and effectively control your blood pressure and heart rate. Thyroid cancer is the result of cells in the thyroid gland changing and growing out of control.

Diabetes is a disease in which your blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high. Glucose comes from the foods you eat. Insulin is a hormone that helps the glucose get into your cells to give them energy. 

Osteoporosis may be due to lower-than-normal maximum bone mass and greater-than-normal bone loss. Bone loss increases after menopause due to lower levels of estrogen. Osteoporosis may also occur due to a number of diseases or treatments, including alcoholism, anorexia, hyperthyroidism, kidney disease, and surgical removal of the ovaries.

Thyroid disorders can range from a small, harmless goiter (enlarged gland) that needs no treatment to life-threatening cancer. The most common thyroid problems involve abnormal production of thyroid hormones. Too much thyroid hormone results in a condition known as hyperthyroidism.

Ovarian dysfunction occurs when the ovaries stop functioning normally. Ovulatory dysfunction is a term that describes a group of disorders in which ovulation fails to occur, or occurs on an infrequent or irregular basis. Anovulation (no ovulation) is a disorder in which eggs do not develop properly, or are not released from the follicles of the ovaries.

If you have symptoms of low testosterone that affect your day-to-day life in addition to having low blood levels of testosterone, then perhaps testosterone replacement therapy may be for you. Should your doctor prescribe treatment to boost your testosterone levels most studies show improvement with erectile dysfunction, sex drive, muscle strength, and bone density.

Vitamin D deficiency is found worldwide in the elderly and remains common in children and adults. Deficiency results in impaired bone mineralization and bone damage which leads to bone-softening diseases, including rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Low blood calcifediol (25-hydroxy-vitamin D) can result from avoiding the sun. Being deficient in vitamin D can cause intestinal absorption of dietary calcium to fall to 15%. When not deficient, an individual usually absorbs between 60 and 80%.